Ex-Stasi officer jailed ten years for taking pictures a person 50 years in the past

An ex-Stasi officer has been convicted of murder after he shot a man trying to flee to the West 50 years ago. 

In the landmark ruling, the 80-year-old Martin Naumann has been handed a ten year prison sentence for killing Czeslaw Kukuczka at close range as he sought to flee through Berlin‘s Friedrichstrasse border point in 1974.

The decision comes nearly 35 years after the fall of Berlin Wall and according to historians is the first time a former member of the East German secret police has been convicted for a homicide committed while on duty.  

Judge Bernd Miczajka said the court had no doubt that Naumann was the gunman in the killing that was ‘carried out mercilessly’ at the orders of the Stasi, adding that those who gave the order could no longer be brought to justice.

Speaking ahead of the verdict, Daniela Muenkel, the head of the Stasi archives in Berlin, had said a conviction would have ‘great symbolic significance’ in Germany‘s efforts to atone for the injustices of the communist dictatorship.

In the landmark ruling, the 80-year-old Martin Naumann (pictured) has been handed a ten year prison sentence for killing Czeslaw Kukuczka at close range as he sought to flee through Berlin ‘s Friedrichstrasse border point in 1974

The Berlin Wall close to the Brandenburg Gate shortly after its construction.  The decision comes nearly 35 years after the fall of Berlin Wall and according to historians is the first time a former member of the East German secret police has been convicted for a homicide committed while on duty

Three West German schoolgirls returning from a class trip witnessed the killing at the crossing, dubbed the ‘Palace of Tears’ for its frequent sad farewells.

Now adults, they were called to testify during Naumann’s trial in Berlin.

Prosecutors had called for Naumann to be jailed for 12 years, branding the shooting ‘an insidious case of murder’.

Naumann denied the charges through his defence lawyers but declined to address the court.

The defence had argued there was no proof Naumann was the shooter – or that the killing constituted murder rather than manslaughter, on which the statute of limitations would have expired.

On the day he died, Kukuczka had gone to the Polish embassy in East Berlin and threatened to detonate a dummy bomb unless he was granted passage to the West, according to recent historical research.

Embassy staff are believed to have approved Kukuczka’s request while alerting East German authorities to the threat.

Stasi officials handed Kukuczka an exit visa and led him to the crossing where Naumann was waiting, concealed behind a screen, according to prosecutors.

Archival documents suggest the secret police were under orders to ‘render harmless’ the Pole, a common euphemism found in Stasi documents for the liquidation of political opponents.

Initial investigations into Kukuczka’s death in the 1990s led nowhere, but the case was picked up again after Poland issued a European arrest warrant for Naumann in 2021.

Prosecutors had called for Naumann to be jailed for 12 years, branding the shooting ‘an insidious case of murder’. Naumann denied the charges through his defence lawyers but declined to address the court

The Berlin Wall in 1965. In all, at least 140 people were killed trying to cross the Berlin Wall between 1961 and 1989, and hundreds more died while trying to flee East Germany by other means

He was then charged with murder in October last year. 

The decades-long delay illustrates the challenges Germany has faced in delivering justice to victims of the former communist government, with many cases hampered by a lack of evidence.

During the 1990s, a total of 251 people were charged with crimes committed on behalf of the Stasi, according to official government records.

However, two-thirds of the criminal proceedings ended either with an acquittal or without a verdict and only 87 defendants were convicted, with most receiving mild sentences.  

In all, at least 140 people were killed trying to cross the Berlin Wall between 1961 and 1989, and hundreds more died while trying to flee East Germany by other means.