- Exposure to chemicals from gas stoves increased childhood asthma risk
- The study comes as states like New York have considered banning the appliance
- READ MORE: Cooking a grilled cheese MORE toxic than breathing in car fumes
Tens of thousands of asthma cases in children have been linked to gas and propane stoves, a study suggests.
Researchers in California and Boston measured nitrogen dioxide levels in more than 100 US kitchens while stoves were on and then measured how the chemical spread to other rooms after the appliances were turned off.
The team combined the data with figures from the US Energy Information Administration on how often people use their stoves, which gave them an estimate on how much exposure people face every year.
They found that stoves using gas and propane added up to a yearly exposure to nitrogen dioxide of 4 parts per billion, which they estimated was responsible for roughly 50,000 childhood asthma cases.
The study comes as officials have considered banning the appliance over fears of asthma and climate damage – but many scientists have questioned the validity of the research methods involved in the studies.
Researchers found that stoves using gas and propane added up to a yearly exposure to nitrogen dioxide of 4 parts per billion, which they estimated was responsible for roughly 50,000 childhood asthma cases
‘Short-term NO2 exposure from typical gas stove use frequently exceeds both World Health Organization and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency benchmarks,’ the researchers wrote.
This is because people living in spaces smaller than 800 square feet were exposed to up to 7.5 parts per billion, well above the World Health Organization’s annual limit of 5.3 parts per billion for both indoor and outdoor exposure.
Nitrogen dioxide is a pollutant made up of oxygen and nitrogen, which forms when fossils fuels like coal, oil, and methane gas are heated at high temperatures.
According to the American Lung Association, nitrogen dioxide has been shown to caused increased inflammation in the airways, coughing, wheezing, reduced lung function, and asthma attacks.
Data was collected from homes in the following citise: San Francisco, California; Los Angeles, California; Bakersfield, California; Denver, Colorado; Houston, Texas; New York, New York; and Washington DC.
The team accounted for scenarios like the windows being open or closed, burners being on low versus high settings, and range hoods being on or off.
In addition to the levels of nitrogen dioxide exposure, the team found that people livng in homes smaller than 800 square feet had four times the nitrogen dioxide exposure than those living in homes larger than 3,000 square feet.
And the team pointed toward racial disparities as well. American Indian and Alaska native households had 60 percent more long-term exposure than the study’s average, and Black and Hispanic households had 20 percent more exposure.
Poorer people also were at an increased risk.
Dr Rob Jackson, study co-author and a professor of Earth science at Stanford University, said: ‘We found that poor people breathe dirtier air outdoors and — if they own a gas stove — indoors, too.’
‘People in public housing and in poorer neighborhoods who often rent can’t switch their appliances because they don’t own them or they can’t afford to do so.’
However, caveats of the study included relying on self-reported behavioral data, such as asking people how high they turned up their stoves, and individual health conditions were not accounted for.
Earlier studies have also shown an increased risk of childhood asthma from gas and propane stove exposure. A 2022 report, for example, found that these appliances increased the risk of asthma in kids by 13 percent.
Additionally, scientists from Purdue University and Indiana University found that cooking on a gas stove resulted in greater exposure to harmful nanoparticles than breathing in car exhuast fumes.
Last year, New York became the first state to call for bans on gas appliances.
However, research linking these appliances to asthma has drawn criticism from other researchers and health authorities for flawed methodology and lack of concrete proof.
The American Gas Association, which respresents energy companies that deliver natural gas, questioned past research that the study authors referenced.
It pointed to a February study which found that although cooking with gas slightly increased the risk of asthma in kids, the result was not statistically significant. This led the agency to call the findings ‘misleading and unsupported.’
The study was published Friday in the journal Science Advances.